改性锡丝光沸石催化混合糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛

张若楠; 李钢; 麻忠敏; 吕强

doi:10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2024018

改性锡丝光沸石催化混合糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛

doi: 10.19906/j.cnki.JFCT.2024018

张若楠^1,,
李钢^1, ,,
麻忠敏^1,,
吕强^2,

1.
大连理工大学化工学院精细化工国家重点实验室, 辽宁大连 116024
2.
青岛三力本诺新材料股份有限公司, 山东青岛 266000

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail: liganghg@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: O643.36
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-25
- 修回日期: 2024-03-05
- 录用日期: 2024-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-29

Dehydration of Sugar Mixtures to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Catalyzed by Modified Tin-Mordenite

ZHANG Ruonan^1
,,
LI Gang^{1
, ,},
MA Zhongmin^1
,,
LÜ Qiang^2
,

1.
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
Qingdao Sanli Benno New Materials Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China

摘要

摘要: 采用酸处理脱铝补位两步法对丝光沸石（MOR）锡改性制备了系列Sn-MOR催化剂，用X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis）、氨程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）对其进行表征。结果表明，改性后催化剂仍保持丝光沸石的晶体结构，酸中心强度与酸量有改变，同时在沸石骨架中引入了锡。研究了改性丝光沸石催化单糖（葡萄糖、果糖）及混合糖生成5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF），结果表明，改性后的Sn-MOR仍保持MOR对果糖脱水为HMF的较高催化活性，同时引入的锡物种对葡萄糖具有异构化活性，因此，Sn-MOR可以同时催化葡萄糖和果糖脱水生成HMF。以商品果葡糖浆作为反应底物，在果葡糖浆质量1.94g，催化剂用量0.3g，反应温度170 ℃，反应时间3h的较优反应条件下，以3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl为催化剂，果葡糖浆转化率91.82%，HMF产率63.76%，HMF选择性69.43%；催化剂循环使用五次，仍保持了一定的催化活性。
- 混合糖 /
- 5-羟甲基糠醛 /
- 锡-丝光沸石 /
- 脱铝补位 /
- 脱水反应
Abstract: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile compound that has great market potential in the future chemical industry. HMF production from fructose has a problem of higher cost, while HMF production from glucose has a problem of lower yield. Therefore, the use of relatively inexpensive biomass-derived syrup to produce HMF in order to achieve industrial production is currently a research hotspot. A series of Sn-MOR catalysts were prepared by using mordenite zeolite (H-MOR) as a carrier, which was modified with acid treatment and adding tin to remove Al and replenish Sn. The Sn-MOR catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-vis), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The characterization results showed that the Sn-MOR still maintained the crystal structure of mordenite, with changes in strength and content of acid centers , and Sn was inserted into the zeolite skeleton. Glucose and fructose were used as substrates in the catalytic reaction of unmodified H-MOR and modified Sn-MOR, and the experimental results showed that H-MOR catalyzed the dehydration reaction of glucose poorly, with a HMF yield of only 7.08%, but its catalytic performance in dehydration of fructose was better, with a HMF yield of 76.78%. The modified Sn-MOR possessed isomerization activity, which improved the reactivity of glucose dehydration with a HMF yield of 38.65%, while the modified Sn-MOR still maintained the high catalytic activity of MOR for fructose dehydration to HMF. Using sugar mixtures (m _{hydrated glucose}: m _fructose = 1:1) as the substrate, the reaction performance of the catalysts with different tin metal additions to H-MOR was firstly investigated, and the results showed that 3.76-Sn-MOR with 3.76% tin addition catalyzed the dehydration of the sugar mixtures better. The reaction performance of the catalyst prepared by adding tin after H-MOR acid treatment was further investigated, and the results showed that the 3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl prepared by acid treating H-MOR using 1mol/L hydrochloric and adding tin could obtain better HMF yield (49.37%) and selectivity (58.09%) in dehydration of sugar mixtures. The reaction conditions were further optimized through orthogonal experiments using a 3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl catalyst in terms of sugar concentration, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, and reaction time. The results showed that neither too high nor too low sugar concentration was conducive to HMF formation, and increasing temperature and catalyst dosage were conducive to HMF formation, but increasing temperature reduced the selectivity of HMF. Prolongating reaction time had little effect on improving the yield of HMF, but decreased the selectivity of HMF. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 1.5 g of sugar mixtures, reaction temperature of 170 ℃, catalyst dosage of 0.3 g, and reaction time of 3 h. Under the above optimal reaction conditions, the superior catalyst 3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl was finally applied to F55 fructose syrup, which has a dry matter ratio of glucose and fructose similar to that of sugar mixtures, and the HMF yield was 63.76%, the HMF selectivity was 69.43%, and the fructose syrup conversion was 91.82%. The catalyst was recycled five times and the HMF yield reduced to 49.50%, which still maintained a certain catalytic activity.
- sugar mixtures /
- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural /
- tin-Mordenite /
- de-Al-substitution /
- dehydration reaction

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图 1 丝光沸石（MOR）“脱Al补位”改性的机理示意图

Figure 1 Mechanism diagram of the “De-Al-substitution” modification of MOR

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图 2 Sn-MOR样品的XRD谱图

Figure 2 XRD patterns of Sn-MOR samples

(a): xSn-MOR x=1.33、3.76 and 5%; (b): 3.76-Sn-MOR_y y=0.3、1和2 mol/L.

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图 3 Sn-MOR样品的UV-vis谱图

Figure 3 UV-vis patterns of Sn-MOR samples

(a): xSn-MOR x=1.33、3.76 and 5%; (b): 3.76-Sn-MOR_y y=0.3、1和2 mol/L.

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图 4 Sn-MOR样品的NH₃-TPD谱图

Figure 4 NH₃-TPD curves of Sn-MOR samples

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图 5 各因素对HMF产率及选择性的影响

Figure 5 The effect of different factors on yield and selectivity of HMF

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图 6 3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl 重复使用性能

Figure 6 The reuse results with 3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl Conditions: m(F55)= 1.94 g; m(Sn-MOR)= 0.3 g; V(sec-Butanol)= 30 mL; V(saturated salt water)= 5 mL; m(PVP)=0.06 g; t=170 ℃; t=180 min; p(N₂)= 2.0 MPa.

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表 1 MOR样品的相对结晶度及元素分析

Table 1 Relative crystallinity and element content of MOR samples

Catalyst	Relative crystallinity/%	w/%
Catalyst	Relative crystallinity/%	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	SnO₂
H-MOR	100	6.62	93.38
3.76-Sn-MOR	86	6.61	92.14	1.13
3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl	105	3.82	94.88	1.29
3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl-Run5	72	3.77	92.74	0.83

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表 2 Sn-MOR催化单糖脱水反应性能

Table 2 The performance of Sn-MOR in the dehydration of monosaccharides

Substrate	Catalyst	Temperature/℃	y/%	s/%	x_G or x_F/%	Ref.
Glucose	H-MOR	150	7.08	8.56	82.74	this work
Glucose	3.76-Sn-MOR	150	21.16	27.44	77.11	this work
Glucose	3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl	150	25.61	31.07	82.43	this work
Glucose	3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl	170	38.65	42.49	91.41	this work
Glucose	H-ZSM-5	160	24.00	25.00	96.00	31
Fructose	H-MOR	150	76.78	76.90	99.84	this work
Fructose	3.76-Sn-MOR	150	73.75	73.86	99.85	this work
Fructose	3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl	150	70.53	70.61	99.88	this work
Fructose	3.76-Sn-MOR_1MHCl	170	69.51	69.62	99.84	this work
Fructose	H-USY	120	32.00	69.00	46.00	32
Conditions: m(sub.)= 1.5 g; m(cat.)= 0.3 g; V(sec-Butanol)= 30 mL;V(saturated salt water)= 5 mL; t=180 min; m(PVP)=0.06 g; p(N₂)= 2.0 MPa.

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表 3 不同锡添加量的Sn-MOR催化混合糖脱水反应性能

Table 3 The performance of Sn-MOR with different Sn additions in the dehydration of sugar mixtures

Sn additions/%	y/%	s/%	x_T/%	x_G/%	x_F/%
0	36.86	44.79	82.30	62.83	100.00
1.33	44.49	50.99	87.25	75.70	97.75
3.76	48.06	56.90	84.47	69.16	98.39
5.00	45.75	52.05	87.90	75.44	99.22
Conditions: m(sugar mixtures)= 1.5 g; V(sec-Butanol)= 30 mL; V(saturated salt water)= 5 mL; t=150 ℃; t=180 min; m(PVP)=0.06 g; p(N₂)= 2.0 MPa.

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表 4 “脱Al补Sn”的Sn-MOR催化混合糖脱水反应性能

Table 4 The performance of Sn-MOR prepared by De-Al complementary Sn in dehydration of sugar mixtures

HCl/(mol·L⁻¹)	y/%	s/%	x_T/%	x_G/%	x_F/%
0.3	46.96	55.11	85.21	70.47	98.60
1	49.37	58.09	84.98	71.38	97.35
2	43.69	53.48	81.69	62.65	99.00
Conditions: m(sugar mixtures)= 1.5 g; V(sec-Butanol)= 30 mL; V(saturated salt water)= 5 mL; t=150 ℃; t=180 min; m(PVP)=0.06 g; p(N₂)= 2.0 MPa.

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表 5 正交试验表-L₉（4³）

Table 5 The table of orthogonal-L₉(4³)

Entry	Sugar concentration/g	Mass of catalyst/g	Temperature/℃	Time/h	y/%	s/%
1	1	0.1	130	2	26.51	52.05
2	1	0.3	150	3	45.45	58.03
3	1	0.5	170	4	55.47	57.72
4	1.5	0.1	150	4	45.34	55.95
5	1.5	0.3	170	2	55.33	61.88
6	1.5	0.5	130	3	44.56	56.92
7	2	0.1	170	3	46.84	50.08
8	2	0.3	130	4	39.34	50.27
9	2	0.5	150	2	48.85	58.66

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