Abstract: NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ with different mass fractions were used as electrolyte to modify the anodic carbon cloth used in a double chamber microbial fuel cell. Using some restaurant wastewater as the anode substrate and the mixed solution of K₃Fe (CN)₆ and NaCl as catholyte, the power generation performance and wastewater treatment effect of a microbial fuel cell with modified anode by different electrolytes were studied. The experimental results show that the microbial fuel cell with modified anode by NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ has a better power generation performance and sewage treatment effect. The power generating ability and the purifying effect of the microbial fuel cell achieve the optimal state with the steady current density of about 60 mA/m² and the removal rate of COD of about 42.5% when the (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ of 4% mass fraction is used as the modified electrolyte of anode.