Abstract: To understand the relationship of the tar compositions and the coal macerals, the tars obtained from the pyroloysis and hydropyrolysis of Shenmu coal macerals in a fixed-bed reactor were analyzed using GC-MS. And the effects of petrographic component, atmosphere and pressure on the yield of aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing heterocycle and PAHs were systematically investigated. The results show that there is great difference in the composition and the relative content of long chain hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, oxygen-containing heterocycle and PAHs in tars from vitrinite and inertinite pyrolysis. Vitrinite tar contains high content of hydrocarbon with long chain, and inertinite tar contains high content of aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, oxygen-containing heterocycle and PAHs. It suggests that vitrinite has lower aromaticity and longer chain in its structure than inertinite, which is in well agreement with the result from 13C NMR and FT-IR test. The tar yield of hydropyrolysis is higher than that of pyrolysis. With increasing the hydrogen pressure, the yield of tar increases greatly. The content of phenols and naphthalenes in vitrinite tar from hydropyrolysis under 0.1 MPa is much lower than that from pyrolysis, while that of internite tar changes a little. The difference of tar composition and relative content during pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis reflets the effect of hydrogeneration and hydrocarcking reactions and the structure characteristics of the macerals.