Abstract: The contents of rare earth elements (REEs) in high sulfur coal of Late Permian from Chenxi coalfield, with the organic sulfur content of 7.75%, have been analyzed by HR-ICP-MS. The ΣREE varies from 38.84 to 305.85 μg/g, with the weighted average of 104.57 μg/g which is higher than that of the world coal and similar to that of Chinese coal. The negative anomalies of Ce and Eu in Chenxi coal, with the δCe from 0.74 to 0.84 and the δEu from 0.55 to 0.69, indicate the influence by marine and by terrigenous materials, respectively. The two-stage change of REE content and distribution patterns in the profile suggested the fluctuations in coal-forming environment, with the terrigenous influence decreasing and the marine impact increasing from the floor to the roof of coalseam. This results in the significant difference of the proportion of organic and pyrite sulfur. The pyritic sulfur and the ΣREE in Chenxi coal present a good positive correlation (n=11, r=0.95), which indicates the common source and similar enrichment conditions involving both terrigenous material and marine influence. The distribution pattern of the REEs, the correlation between the ΣREE and ash yield, Si, Al illustrate that the REEs mainly derive from terrigenous materials. The narrow range of δCe and δEu in the profile can be explained by the seawater rebuilding of the rare earth elements in the coal.