Abstract: The external reason of the viscosity of Binnan super heavy oil from Shengli oil field was investigated. The properties of the super heavy oil showed that the viscosity of the oil mainly depended on two factors: the total resin and asphaltene content are larger than 30%, the enhanced cohesion of asphaltene by macrocyclic compound formed by the metallic element like Ni and the heteroatoms like O,N, and S.The viscosity reducing rate reached 99.59% by using the viscosity reducer (OP-10). By comparing the change of resin and asphaltene before and after treatment, the analytical conclusions of IR and SEM, the molecular weights and the mean dipolemoments showed that: the hydrogen bond of resin and asphaltene can be weakened, the aggregation of asphaltene is partially broken up, so the molecular weights and the mean dipolemoments were decreased by the viscosity reducer (OP-10).So it is known that viscosity reducer can infiltrate and disperse into asphaltene molecules, so that the order of asphaltene molecules is lowered. At the same time, the microstructure analysis using polarization microscope of the emulsion and wax showed that the emulsion of super heavy oil from W/O were turned to O/W and the morphology of wax from fine uniform were turned to flocculating constituent of bigger size by the viscosity reducer (OP-10).