Abstract: With reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as the precursor, Fe₃O₄/RGO composites were synthesized via a hydrothermal method combined with annealing treatment; the crystalline phase, microstructure and component of Fe₃O₄/RGO composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectra. As a new type of lithium battery electrode materials, their electrochemical performance and the corresponding performance enhanced mechanism were investigated by the CV and EIS tests. The results indicate that high loading Fe₃O₄/RGO anodes after charge-discharge 60 cycles show high reversible capacities of 709 mAh/g at 200 mA/g and 479 mAh/g at 600 mA/g, with a very good rate performance. Compared with the Fe₃O₄ electrodes, Fe₃O₄/RGO electrodes exhibit better electrochemical performance, which is associated with a synergy between the stable RGO matrix and its good conductivity; such a nano-sized configuration may not only facilitate the electron conduction but also help to maintain the structural integrity of active materials.