Abstract: In order to evaluate influence of different compatibilizers on low-temperature performances of direct coal liquefaction residue modified asphalts (DCLR modified asphalt), 3 compatibilizers including silane coupling agent, benzaldehyde and xylene were used. At first, the optimum dosage and mixing mode of the compatibilizers were determined by orthogonal test. Secondly, resistance to low-temperature cracking of the asphalt after adding compatibilizer was evaluated using the Double-Edge-Notched Tension (DENT) test. Finally, dispersion state of DCLR in asphalt were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and software of Image Pro Plus diagram to quantitatively analyze low-temperature performances of the asphalts after adding compatibilizer. The test results show that addition of compatibilizer is helpful to improve dispersion of DCLR in asphalt and compatibility between them. Thus, the long-term stability of DCLR modified asphalt after adding compatibilizer can be maintained and its low-temperature performances are enhanced. Additionally, the 3 compatibilizers have different effects on low-temperature performances of the DCLR modified asphalt, silane coupling agent is the best, followed by benzaldehyde and xylene.